I. Ka Papahana Kumu
1. Māhele Paʻa: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Laulā Kaulike: 70–95%
- Na Waiwai Ki: Hōʻike i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, me ka paʻakikī Vickers ≥1400 HV.
- Ka Hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa:
- ʻO ka palaoa koʻikoʻi (3–8μm): ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē i ka hopena, kūpono no ka hoʻokumuʻana me kaʻiliʻili a iʻole nā mea hoʻopili paʻakikī.
- ʻO ka palaoa maikaʻi/Ultrafine (0.2–2μm): Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, kūpono no nā hana abrasive loa e like me ka quartz sandstone.
2. Māhele Hoʻopili: Cobalt (Co) a i ʻole Nickel (Ni)
- Laulā Kaulike: 5-30%, e hana ana ma ke 'ano he "metallic adhesive" no ka ho'opa'a 'ana i ka tungsten carbide particles a hā'awi i ka pa'akikī.
- Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano:
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cobalt (Koho Nui):
- Pōmaikaʻi: ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ka conductivity thermal maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai mechanical piha piha.
- Hoʻohana: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana maʻamau a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe (e paʻa mau ka kobalta ma lalo o 400 ° C).
- Nickel-Based (Nā Koi Kūikawā):
- Pōmaikaʻi: ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion (kū kūʻē i ka H₂S, CO₂, a me nā wai wili kiʻekiʻe-salinity).
- Noi: Nā māla kinoea ʻākaika, nā paepae waho, a me nā wahi ʻino ʻē aʻe.
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cobalt (Koho Nui):
3. Nā mea hoʻohui (Micro-Level Optimization)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation a hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka māhele binder ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa a hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe.
II. ʻO nā kumu no ke koho ʻana iā Tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| hana | ʻO ka wehewehe pono |
|---|---|
| ʻAʻahu Kūʻē | ʻO ka paʻakikī ʻelua wale nō i ke daimana, kūpaʻa i ka erosion e nā ʻāpana abrasive e like me ke one quartz (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o 10+ mau manawa ma mua o ke kila). |
| Kū'ē i ka hopena | ʻO ka paʻakikī mai ka hana hoʻopaʻa kobalt/nickel e pale ai i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana mai ka haʻalulu ʻana i lalo a me ka haʻalulu iki (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumulāʻau coarse + high-cobalt formulations). |
| Paʻa Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe | E mālama i ka hana ma nā mahana o lalo o ka lua o 300-500 ° C (ʻo nā pahu hana kobalt ka palena wela o ~ 500 ° C). |
| Pale ʻino | ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nikela ke pale aku i ka ʻinoʻino mai nā wai wili i loko o ka sulfur, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe ma nā wahi ʻawaʻawa. |
| Kūʻai-Pono | ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa ma mua o ka daimana/cubic boron nitride, me ke ola lawelawe he 20-50 mau manawa o ko nā nozzles kila, e hāʻawi ana i nā pōmaikaʻi holoʻokoʻa. |
III. Hoʻohālikelike me nā mea ʻē aʻe
| ʻAno Mea | Nā pōʻino | Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi |
|---|---|---|
| Diamond (PCD/PDC) | ʻO ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole; nui loa ke kumu kūʻai (~ 100x o ka tungsten carbide). | Hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no nā nozzles; i kekahi manawa ma nā wahi hoʻokolohua abrasive loa. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | ʻO ka pale wela maikaʻi akā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; pipiʻi. | Nā hoʻokumu paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe-hohonu loa (ʻaʻole-mainstream). |
| ʻO nā ʻeleʻele (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe akā ka brittleness nui; maikaʻi ʻole ke kū ʻana o ka haʻalulu wela. | Ma ke kahua hōʻoia lab, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ma ke kālepa. |
| Kiekie-ikaika Steel | ʻAʻole kūpono ke pale ʻana i ka lole, ke ola lawelawe pōkole. | Nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. |
IV. Kuhikuhi Hoʻomohala ʻenehana
1. Mea hoʻonui hoʻonui
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Ka nui o ka palaoa <200nm, hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakikī e 20% me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa (e laʻa, Sandvik Hyperion™ series).
- Ka Papa Hana Hana: Kiekie-paʻa kiʻekiʻe hua palaoa WC ma ka nozzle ili, kiʻekiʻe-toughness coarse-grain + kiʻekiʻe-cobalt core, kaulike i ka lole a me ka haʻihaʻi kū'ē.
2. Ka Hooikaika Ili
- Ka uhi daimana (CVD): Hoʻonui ke kiʻi 2–5μm i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a hiki i ka >6000 HV, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola ma 3-5x (30% hoʻonui kumukūʻai).
- Pākuʻi Laser: Ua waiho ʻia nā ʻāpana WC-Co ma nā wahi nozzle pilikia e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu kūloko.
3. Hana Hoʻohui
- 3D-Printed Tungsten Carbide: Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā kahawai kahe paʻakikī (e laʻa, nā hale Venturi) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hydraulic.
V. Nā mea nui no ke koho mea
| Nā Kūlana Hana | Manaʻo Mea |
|---|---|
| Nā hana abrasive kiʻekiʻe | WC maikaʻi/ultrafine-palaoa + kobalt haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (6–8%) |
| Nā ʻāpana pili/vibration-prone | ʻO ka wc wc + kobalt kiʻekiʻe (10-13%) a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻia |
| Kaiapuni (H₂S/CO₂). | Mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa nikeli + Cr₃C₂ mea hoʻohui |
| Nā pūnāwai hohonu loa (>150°C) | Kobalt-based alloy + TaC/NbC additives (hōʻalo i ka nickel-based no ka nāwaliwali o ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe) |
| Nā papahana pili kālā | ʻO ka WC maʻamau maʻamau + 9% cobalt |
Ka hopena
- Ka Manaʻo Mākeke: ʻO Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) ʻo ia ke kumu nui, helu ʻia no>95% o nā mākeke nozzle drill bit honua.
- Koe Hana: Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā pilikia hoʻomohala like ʻole ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa WC, ka ratio cobalt/nickel, a me nā mea hoʻohui.
- Hiki ʻole ke pani ʻia: Noho mau ka hopena maikaʻi loa no ke kaulike ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kumukūʻai, me nā ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki (nanocrystallization, coatings) e hoʻonui hou aku i kāna mau palena noi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-03-2025
