ʻIke kila kuhiliʻole maʻamau
ʻO ke kila he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huila hao-carbon me ka maʻi kalapona ma waena o 0.02% a me 2.11%.ʻOi aku ma mua o 2.11% ka hao.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano kemika o ke kila.ʻO ke kila i loko o ke kalapona wale nō ka mea i kapa ʻia ke kila kalapona a i ʻole ke kila maʻamau.I ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kila, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, titanium, molybdenum a me nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai o ke kila.
ʻO ke kila kila he kila me nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ke kū'ēʻana i ka'ōpala a me ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosion, aʻo ka mea chromium ma kahi o 10.5%, aʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 1.2%.
1. ʻAʻole e pala ke kila kila?
Ke loaʻa nā kiko ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili o ke kila kila, kahaha nā kānaka.Manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole e pala ke kila kila.ʻAʻole he kila kila ka ʻōpala.Ma muli paha o ka pilikia o ke kila kila.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻaoʻao hewa kēia o ka ʻike ʻole o ke kila kila.ʻO ke kila kila ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.Hiki i ke kila kila ke kū'ē i ka oxidation o ka lewa - kū'ē i ka'ōpala, a he hiki nō hoʻi ke kū'ē i ka corrosion i loko o ke kikowaena i loaʻa ka waikawa, ka alkali a me ka paʻakai,ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kū'ē i ka corrosion.Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion me kāna haku mele, kūlana like, kūlana lawelawe a me ke ʻano media kaiapuni.No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea 304 i ka corrosion resistance i ka lewa maloʻo a maʻemaʻe, akā i ka wā e neʻe ʻia ai i kahakai, e ʻeleʻele koke ia i ka ʻohu kai i loko o ka nui o ka paʻakai.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ʻano kila kuhili ke kūʻē i ka corrosion a me ka ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia manawa.ʻO ke kila kila he mea lahilahi, paʻa a maikaʻi loa ka paʻa o ka chromium-rich oxide film (protection film) i hana ʻia ma luna o kona ʻili e pale aku i nā atom oxygen mai ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke komo ʻana a me ka oxidize, no laila e loaʻa ai ka hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion.I kekahi manawa no kekahi kumu, ua pōʻino mau ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hoʻomau ke komo ʻana o nā ʻātoma oxygen i ka lewa a i ʻole ka wai a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻātoma hao i loko o ka metala, e hana ana i ka hao oxide, a ʻo ka ʻili metala e hoʻopau mau ʻia.
2. He aha ke ʻano o ke kila kila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻōpala?
ʻEkolu mau kumu nui e pili ana i ka ʻino ʻana o ke kila kila.
1) Maʻiʻo o nā mea hoʻohuihui
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kila me ka 10.5% chromium content.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka chromium a me ka nickel, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻike o 304 material nickel he 8% ~ 10%, a ʻo ka ʻike o ka chromium he 18% ~ 20%.ʻAʻole e ʻōpala kēlā ʻano kila kila ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.
2) Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā ʻoihana hana
ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana e hoʻopilikia pū i ka pale ʻana o ke kila kila.ʻO nā mea kanu kila kila nui me ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela hoʻoilo billet.No laila, paʻa a hilinaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o loko, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pala.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau mea kanu kila liʻiliʻi i hope i nā lako a me nā ʻenehana.I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea haumia, a ʻo nā huahana i hana ʻia e ʻeleʻele.
3) Kaiapuni waho
ʻO ke kaiapuni me ke aniau maloʻo a me ka ventila maikaʻi ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pala.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa ea kiʻekiʻe, ka ua mau ʻana, a i ʻole ka acidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka alkalinity i ka lewa e maʻalahi i ka pala.304 ʻeleʻele ke kila kila inā ʻilihune loa ke kaiapuni a puni.
3. Pehea e hana ai me nā kiko ʻōpala ma ke kila kila?
1) Nā ʻano hana kemika
E hoʻohana i ka paʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻakika a i ʻole ka pulupulu no ke kōkua ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻōpala e hele hou e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide e hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka waikawa, i mea e hoʻopau ai i nā mea haumia a me nā koena waika, he mea nui e holoi pono me ka wai maʻemaʻe.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a pau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia me nā mea hana polishing a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka wax polishing.No nā ʻāpana me nā wahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻaila 1: 1 a me ka ʻaila ʻenekini e holoi i nā wahi ʻōpala me nā lole maʻemaʻe.
2) Keʻano mīkini
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pahū, ka puhi ʻana me ke aniani a i ʻole nā ʻāpana seramika, ka hoʻopau ʻana, ka palaki ʻana a me ka polishing.Hiki iā ia ke holoi i ka haumia i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā mea i wehe mua ʻia, nā mea polishing a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia e nā ʻano mechanical.ʻO nā ʻano haumia āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana hao haole, hiki ke lilo i kumu o ka ʻino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa.No laila, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maloʻo.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano mechanical hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale i kona ʻili a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka mea ponoʻī.No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou me nā mea hana polishing ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mechanical, a hoʻopaʻa i ka sila me ka polishing wax.
4. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ke kila kila e ka magnet?
Nui nā poʻe e hele e kūʻai i nā mea kila kila a i ʻole nā mea kila kila a lawe mai i kahi magnet liʻiliʻi me lākou.Ke nānā lākou i ka waiwai, manaʻo lākou ʻo ke kila kila maikaʻi ka mea hiki ʻole ke komo.Me ka magnetism, ʻaʻohe ʻōpala.ʻOiaʻiʻo, he hoʻomaopopo hewa kēia.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pahu kila kuhili ʻole magnetic e ka hale.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana paʻa o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka paʻa paʻa ʻana, e hana ia i ke kila kila me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me "ferrite", "austenite" a me "martensite", ma waena o nā "ferrite" a me "martensite" stainless steel he magnetic. .ʻO ke kila kila "austenitic" maikaʻi nā waiwai mechanical a me ka weldability, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka "ferritic" stainless steel me ka magnetism ma mua o ka "austenitic" stainless steel wale nō ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe magnetism ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 200 series a me 300 series stainless steels me ka maʻiʻo manganese kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻi nickel haʻahaʻa i ka mākeke, akā mamao loa kā lākou hana mai ka 304 me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa iā 304 ka micro-magnetism ma hope o ke kau ʻana, annealing, polishing, casting a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe.No laila, he kuhihewa a me ka ʻepekema ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā pono a me nā hemahema o ke kila kila ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila me ka magnetism.
5. He aha nā hōʻailona o ke kila kuhili ʻole?
201: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Manganese ma kahi o ka nickel stainless steel, nona kekahi ʻakika a me ke kūpaʻa alkali, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, polishing a ʻaʻohe ʻōhū.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka nānā ʻana i nā hihia, nā paipu hoʻonaninani, nā paipu ʻoihana a me nā huahana huki pāpaʻu.
202: No ka nickel haʻahaʻa a me ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe, me ka nickel a me ka manganese ma kahi o 8%.Ma lalo o nā kūlana corrosion nāwaliwali, hiki iā ia ke pani i ka 304, me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani, ke ala kiaʻi alanui, ka ʻenekinia municipal, ke aniani handrail, nā keʻena alanui, etc.
304: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila maʻamau, me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, ka pale wela, ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, ʻoihana lapaʻau, ʻoihana, ʻoihana kemika, a me ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani home.
304L: haʻahaʻa kalapona 304 stainless steel, hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana mea hana me ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka formability.
316: Me ka hoʻohui ʻana o Mo, maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion wela kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana o ka wai kai, kemika, ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka hana pepa.
321: Loaʻa iā ia ka maikaʻi o ke kaumaha wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
430: ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka austenite, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana hale a me nā mea hoʻonani hale.
410: He kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī, ka paʻakikī, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi, ka conductivity thermal nui, ka helu hoʻonui liʻiliʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka lewa, ka mahu wai, ka wai a me ka oxidizing acid corrosive ʻāpana.
Eia ka papa maʻiʻo o nā "alloy elements" o nā māka kila like ʻole o ke kila kuhili ʻole maʻamau no ka ʻike wale ʻana:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-30-2023
